The price of electricity ladder is changed by the price of suspicious changes in the industry.

“Electricity has to increase its price. I am afraid it will save some use this summer.” This is a word most frequently heard by reporters in interviews.

From June 1, the residents of the country will use electricity for ladder prices. A single electricity price model will be replaced by a step-by-step electricity pricing mechanism that increases with electricity consumption. At present, a number of provinces have issued a ladder price hearing program.

Among the price ladders, the first-order electricity consumption standard has become one of the concerns of the public. Because in accordance with the requirements of the National Development and Reform Commission, the first-grade electricity consumption as the basic demand for electricity, will maintain the original price; and the second and third-grade electricity consumption, will increase prices. In the public hearing program, Shanghai had the highest initial power, 260 degrees per month; Shaanxi had the lowest first gear, 120 degrees per month.

As early as the end of last year, the related work of the ladder price has already entered the implementation preparation stage, and the calculation of the benchmark electricity prices in various places has become a difficult point. In the notice of the National Development and Reform Commission, it was stipulated that after adjusting the electricity price, it must be ensured that "nearly 80% of the residents' electricity will not be adjusted." However, in the National Development and Reform Commission and related documents issued by various localities, no specific explanations and formulas have been given for how to calculate the electricity consumption of the first, second and third grades.

The first grade of the electricity consumption standard is set to be too low, whether each population can adapt to the same standard, and whether the base number of each file will increase accordingly will become a hot topic for everyone. "A hearing, the price increases," in the end is to encourage the use of electricity or "disguised price increases" suspicions have also been there.

After implementing the ladder price, what impact will household electricity use be affected?

The family of three has no influence, and the big family suffers from losses. After the implementation of multi-family households' cost-effective ladder prices, what will happen to the price of electricity for the family?

Lin Baiqiang, director of the China Energy Research Center at Xiamen University, said that because of statistical asymmetry, the confirmation of the first-stage electricity quantity is the key to the implementation of the ladder electricity prices in various regions.

Ms. Luo Fang, who lives in Huangsi Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, provided the “China Economic Weekly” with a list of the electricity consumption of her family of four last year. Comparing Beijing's first-grade electricity consumption standard (measured at 230 degrees per month on the first plan), it was found that all the months were exceeded. Luo Fang said that his usual electricity consumption is definitely "saving", and the light is turned off. The summer air conditioning is only one. "After implementing the ladder price, we must definitely pay more electricity."

According to the two public hearing schemes currently announced in Beijing, the monthly basic electricity of the first gear is 230 degrees and 240 degrees respectively, and the current price is the current standard: 0.4883 yuan/degree; the surpassed person is further divided into two grades and each level of electricity rises by 0.05 points. Yuan and 0.30 yuan.

Luo Fang's annual electricity consumption is about 4,000 degrees. According to the current electricity price, the annual electricity consumption is 1953.2 yuan. If calculated according to the Beijing ladder price plan, the annual electricity fee is 2015.2 yuan, and the extra expenditure is about 60 yuan. "Although it is not a large sum, it always feels unpleasant in my heart. Implementing new methods will make people feel that even if they use less energy than they used to, they will use less electricity, and there will be no price reduction. But even if it is the same as before, it will be an excess. We have to raise prices.” Luo Fang said, “How many people will use electricity for the sake of tens of dollars?”

Cai Guoxiong, deputy chief engineer of the China Electric Power Research Institute, told China Economic Weekly: “According to the standard of a family of three, Beijing’s current first-line 230 degree monthly electricity consumption is in the spring and autumn (non-electricity peaks). Season) is generally no problem.” The problem may be that according to the current “one household, one table” method, the ladder price can't be differentiated from the number of people who live in the end. There is obviously an obvious difference in electricity consumption for large households and single households. Not the same, families with a large population of residents are in a "lose-loss" situation in the upcoming ladder price. For residents with multiple dwellings, if their time of residence is also scattered among the various dwellings, it is actually more cost-effective than using only one dwelling.

According to experts, in recent years, the average family size in Beijing has narrowed, from 2.91 per capita in 2000 to 2.45 in 2010. However, due to housing prices and other factors, the proportion of co-tenants in urban areas is gradually increasing. .

Less-than-necessary use of energy-saving Cai Guoxiong stated that compared with the standards adopted by Beijing and other places in terms of months, the quarterly or annual standards adopted in the Shanghai Hearing Program are “more scientific”.

Cai Guoxiong told the “China Economic Weekly” that there is a “seasonal electricity price” in power generation. In areas where Huazhong Power Grid and Southwest Power Grid are rich in water resources, the cost of power generation during the wet season and dry season is very different. . For the average family, the main energy consumption from the air conditioning will also drastically increase the electricity consumption during the summer in the peak of electricity consumption.

In Shanghai's quarterly electricity consumption assessment scheme, during the peak season of winter and summer electricity, the first power was set at 350 degrees, and during the non-peak period, the first power was set at 210 degrees. In addition, in Shanghai's three tariff schemes, whether it is measured monthly, seasonally or on an annual basis, the "flat time" (between 6:00 and 22:00) and the "valley time" (between 8:00 pm and over) are all considered. The price difference at 6am the next morning is 0.617 yuan/degree for the former and 0.307 yuan/degree for the latter.

Cai Guoxiong told the "China Economic Weekly": The same is 1 kWh, 1 kWh during the day and 1 kWh at night. The difference is very large. In short, at night, there are fewer people who use electricity, but there are still many power plants that generate electricity. Therefore, it is necessary to build pumped-storage power plants like the Beijing Tombs, and pump water to high places in the valley to consume electricity. During the daytime peaks, the water stored in the nighttime was used to generate electricity.

At present, some of Shanghai's communities have adopted time-of-use tariffs. In the “temporal time,” the introduction of relatively cheap electricity prices has helped to use electricity more efficiently. "After 10 o'clock in the evening, the washing machine was fully opened and it became a beautiful scenery." Cai Guoxiong said, "We should not use energy conservation simply because we use less energy. We must look at the actual benefits and results, and we should encourage residents. Electricity at nightfall."

The staff of the Shanghai Municipal Development and Reform Commission also stated that while the residents' ladder price is being implemented, the peak-to-hour time-of-use price will continue to be implemented. The two are not contradictory and can be implemented at the same time.

According to the reporter’s understanding, at the beginning of the implementation of the ladder price, the National Development and Reform Commission requested that the residents’ electricity use be divided into three levels, namely, the basic demand for electricity, normal and reasonable use of electricity, and higher quality of life. Therefore, most of the published ladder prices in most provinces and cities have adopted such a grading method. Only Shanghai has adopted a combination of ladder price and time-of-use price.

In addition, in the “China Economic Weekly” interview, many residents also told reporters that they hope that the ladder electricity price standards will be further improved and revised in the future. After all, compared with 5 years ago and 10 years ago, the electricity consumption of the residents has still been greatly improved. It is hoped that the ladder electricity prices will also rise “ascending by boat” as life changes.

Is the electricity price the "price of cabbage"?

In the case of a ladder of electricity prices that is intended to challenge the “price change in disguise”, the power sector has also had a bit of hard work to confide in.

"Today, even a few cents of sesame has risen by 10 times the price. Why has it not been possible for the price of the cabbage price to rise?" said an industry insider who did not want to be named after the liberation of 1949. The state has implemented control and subsidies on electricity prices, which are divided into civil electricity, industrial electricity, agricultural electricity, and commercial electricity. Because the wage level at that time was relatively low, the state implemented subsidies on the use of electricity by residents. To date, as the electricity consumption of residents continues to rise, the government has paid more and more subsidies, even if it was adopted nationwide on June 1. After the price ladder, the price between the current electricity price and the actual electricity price is still upside-down.

According to industry insiders, the residents’ electricity pricing mechanism must also be commensurate with the market mechanism pricing. If it is really based on the premise of rising prices, then the simplest operation of residential electricity prices is to align with industrial electricity and commercial electricity, but the upcoming ladder electricity price is obviously not the case.

In addition, “too low energy prices are not conducive to the development of energy-saving products in China,” the personage inside the industry said that in the shopping mall, the difference between the three air-conditioning energy-saving models of the same brand and ordinary models is 1,200 yuan, and on the basis of the current electricity prices, energy-saving The air-conditioning savings for consumers over the past 10 years have not been able to catch up with the difference between it and ordinary funds. Therefore, under the condition of low energy prices, the scale and quantity of energy-saving products in China have been limited.

Improvement in implementation is probably a true reflection of the upcoming ladder price.

According to the requirements of the National Development and Reform Commission, the new regulations for electricity consumption by residents will be divided into three categories: basic demand for electricity, normal and reasonable use of electricity, and higher quality of life. The first tranche of electricity is determined according to the average monthly electricity consumption of 80% of residents, and the price will not be adjusted. The second-level electricity is determined according to the average monthly electricity consumption of 95% of households, and the price increase rate is not less than 5 cents per kilowatt-hour. The third-tier power price is increased by about 3 cents per kilowatt-hour beyond the second-tier portion.