Transformer unbalance compensation solution

1. Use and scope of use
JKWB type balancing and balancing intelligent terminal device has the characteristics of compact structure, small size, light weight, strong function, high technical and economic index, and easy maintenance and use.
JKWB type balancing and balancing intelligent terminal device can work in low voltage public power supply occasions with rated voltage of 380V and working current less than 1500A, and is mainly used in areas where resident users are concentrated. The device has the functions of adjusting unbalanced three-phase current, performing reactive power compensation, harmonic measurement and protection, remote monitoring, load measurement, etc. At the same time, it can replace various devices such as reactive power compensation box and distribution transformer terminal, which not only solves The actual problem has lowered the investment cost, so it can be said to be more effective.

2. Model and its meaning


3. The normal operating conditions of the device
3.1 The upper limit of the ambient air temperature does not exceed +55°C and the lower limit is not less than -20°C.
3.2 The installation site does not exceed 2000m above sea level.
3.3 Atmospheric relative humidity does not exceed 20% at ambient air temperature +55°C; higher relative humidity may be obtained at lower temperatures, with a mean monthly maximum relative humidity of 90% for the wettest month, and a monthly mean minimum for the month The temperature is +25 °C, and taking into account condensation due to temperature changes occur on the surface of the product.
3.4 Pollution Level: 3 levels.
3.5 Installation: Floor-mounted, pole-mounted, box-integrated.

4. Structure overview
JKWBP type balanced variable intelligent terminal device consists of main switch, user switch, current transformer, JKWB distribution load balancing controller, capacitor, capacitor switching composite switch, chassis, bracket and other accessories. (See Figure 1)
The master switch can play the role of the incoming line switch in the existing low-voltage switch box, and the user side can configure multiple air switches;
Current transformers CT1, CT2, CT3 are connected to the line terminals and are the compensated currents.
Current transformer CT4, CT5, CT6 is the load side current, which is the current before compensation;
Capacitor adopts self-healing low voltage shunt capacitor;
The capacitor switching composite switch adopts a method of connecting the thyristor and the contactor in parallel and is controlled by an industrial chip. The switch adopts the characteristic that the thyristor zero-crossing triggers at the instant of the switching capacitor, so as to avoid the occurrence of the closing current and the harmonic wave of the capacitor; the switch works normally. When using a contactor, reduce the pressure loss and avoid heating.
The enclosure of the chassis is welded by stainless steel plates. The front and rear double door structure is used. The interior is double-layered. The front layer is the load control section, and the rear layer is the controller and the switching element.

Figure 1: Component layout and site renderings
5. The controller function controller samples the power grid through voltage transformers and current transformers, performs FFT calculation and analysis on the sampled data using a DSP, controls the capacitance of the capacitor, and records and remotely records the data.
5.1 basic functions
5.1.1 Real-time display friendly human-machine interface, full Chinese liquid crystal display, real-time display of three-phase current, voltage, power factor, active power, reactive power, power, total harmonic distortion of three-phase voltage (THDu), current Total harmonic distortion (THDi), voltage 3-17th harmonic voltage content (HURn), real-time clock, etc.
5.1.2 Parameter Setting Function The time, CT ratio, capacitor combination, capacitor capacity, harmonic protection threshold, etc. can be set via the keypad.
5.1.3 Real-time communication function With RS232 communication interface, it can be connected to distribution automation system through RS232/485 converter. Upload real-time data display and the whole point data, statistical data query, including three-phase voltage, three-phase current, active power, reactive power, the total harmonic distortion of the three-phase harmonic voltage and the total distortion rate of the three-phase harmonic current.
5.1.4 The data storage function can store 65 days of grid operation data. Including daily data every day, daily statistics, daily electricity. Use a handheld computer to collect all data at a time and input the front-end computer through the RS232 or USB port to generate a database. Generate various reports and curves through SCADA software to provide basis for distribution transformer management and grid power quality analysis. The following describes the data in the packet:
5.1.4.1 Integral point data Three-phase voltage, current, COSФ, active, reactive, voltage and current harmonic total distortion rate, voltage 3-17th harmonic content rate.
5.1.4.2 daily statistical data voltage exceeds the upper and lower limit time; current overload time; voltage phase loss time; voltage, current, COS, active, reactive, average COS, total active, total reactive maximum and minimum and their occurrence The time; the maximum current of 15 minutes and the time of its occurrence; the time of COS Ф > 0.9 per day, the time of COS Ф <0.8; the total active power and the total amount of reactive power per day.
5.2 Control Functions
5.2.1 The protection function device has over voltage protection, voltage loss protection, phase loss protection and harmonic voltage over-limit protection.
5.2.2 The automatic/manual switching function has automatic and manual switching functions, and manual control is used for capacitor wiring debugging.
5.2.3 Use equal-capacitor compensation method to compensate for reactive power while adjusting the three-phase power unbalance, and use unequal capacitance between phases. To improve the compensation accuracy, the device uses 1:2:4:4:4 or 1:2:4:8:8 or 1:2:4:8:16 capacitors. The compensation capacity is determined based on the transformer size and user load. Realize dynamic compensation, no switching oscillation.
5.2.4 No-contact switch zero-crossing switching, no closing inrush current, no overvoltage zero-crossing triggering technology, fast response time, no arc, no surge, no overvoltage, harmonic caused when switching capacitor The weight is small.
5.2.5 When using the contact switch when the capacitor is working normally, the SCR has a loss of voltage drop and needs heat dissipation. When there are many thyristors working at the same time, the power consumption is large. Therefore, we use a compound switch (SCR + relay) in the device as a capacitor switching switch.

6. Technical parameters
6.1 Basic parameters Operating voltage: AC220V±20% Three-phase four-wire power frequency: 50Hz±5%
Sample voltage: AC220V±20% Three-phase four-wire sampling current: 0~5A
Sampling voltage Loop power consumption: <0.1VA/phase sampling current Loop power consumption: <0.5VA/phase sampling voltage Loop overload capability: 1.2 times rated voltage Continuous operation and constant accuracy Sampling current Loop overload capability: 1.2 times rated current Continuous operation And keep the accuracy constant
6.2 Measurement Accuracy Voltage, Current: ±0.5%
Power Factor, Active, Reactive: ±1%
Accuracy of electrical energy: ±1%
Harmonic voltage content: ±1% (3 to 17 times)
Harmonic current content: ±1% (3 to 17 times)
Switching response time: < 20ms
6.3 Control Parameters:
Voltage upper limit: The recommended value is 240-255V in steps of 1V. Factory preset 242V
Voltage lower limit: The recommended value is 220 to 180V in steps of 1V. Factory preset 198V
(The upper voltage limit and the lower voltage limit are used to set the voltage hysteresis to prevent frequent switching.)
Harmonic voltage protection settings: Recommended value 1% to 40%, step size 1%. Factory preset 8%
Threshold parameter: Set the return difference of reactive power compensation input and output, prevent the device from switching frequently, and determine the upper limit of reactive power according to the single-stage capacity of the device (the upper limit of reactive power must be greater than the capacity of delta capacitor divided by 3 ), The recommended value is 1.1 to 1.5 times the single-stage capacity switching delay: recommended value 1 ~ 255s, step length 1s. Factory preset 21s
Output contacts: 30 output signals, each signal DC5V × 10mA.
6.4 Communication Physical Interface: RS232/RS485
Communication Protocol: Agreed baud rate: 4800bps
Communication: PDA or laptop computer is used in the field and wireless communication is used remotely.
6.5 Insulation strength Under normal test atmospheric conditions, the device can withstand the power frequency withstand voltage test with a frequency of 50Hz for 1min without breakdown flashover and damage of components. The test voltage is 1500V.
6.7 Conditions of Use
3.7.1 Environmental conditions
3.7.1.1 Working environment conditions Ambient temperature: -20 ~ 55 °C
Relative humidity: 20% to 90% at 40°C
Atmospheric pressure: 79.5 to 106.0 kPa (elevation of 2000 m or below)
3.7.1.2 Ambient environment requirements Strong vibration and shock are not allowed. There must be no corrosive metal and no insulating gas or conductive medium. No medium with explosive hazards is allowed. No severe mold is allowed.
3.7.1.3 Transportation and Storage Environmental Conditions Ambient Temperature: -40~60°C
Relative humidity: 90% at 50°C

7. Controller operation: See JKWBP distribution load balance controller instruction manual.

8. Capacitors and switch
8.1 Switching Switch In general distribution switchgears, AC contactors are generally used to switch the capacitors. Capacitors will immediately generate inrush currents, which will cause damage to other equipment in the power grid and the capacitors themselves. Capacitors will often breakdown, the capacity will decrease, and the compensation effect will decrease. . In the low-voltage reactive power compensation device, a thyristor-switched capacitor (TSC) is used. Compared with the mechanically-switched capacitor (MSC), the thyristor has a long operating life, and the thyristor switching timing can be precisely controlled to reduce the inrush current. And no harmonics are generated. However, when the thyristor turns on, there is a voltage drop and losses occur. We combined the advantages of the two, and made a new type of composite switch for capacitor switching, which has a good effect in practical applications. Switching and cutting compound switch features:
a. Zero the voltage across the capacitor and cut the current zero.
b. No impact current when switching, low power consumption, no need to install radiator and fan.
c. There is no electric shock when switching, no harmonic pollution, and self-protection ability.
d. The use of optical isolation technology, the controller output low voltage drive, strong anti-interference ability.
e. Easy installation and simple wiring.
8.2 Characteristics of capacitors Metallized polypropylene capacitors are used as compensating capacitors in this device, which have the characteristics of low dielectric loss factor and self-healing properties. In reactive power compensation devices, capacitors are generally divided into several groups, which can be switched according to the reactive power demand of the grid. Capacitor grouping is more flexible. Generally, it is hoped that the more capacitive stages produced by the combination, the better. However, considering the complexity and economy of the system, we use the hexadecimal scheme. That is, a 1:2:4:8:16C capacitor combination is used. If the compensation capacity is small, a binary scheme is recommended, using k-1 capacitors with capacitance C, and a capacitor with capacitance C/2. We put all the capacitors together and become a whole. Reduced installation volume. The illustration is as follows:
figure 2
9. Installation and maintenance
9.1 Installation Environment Conditions
9.1.1 The altitude does not exceed 2000 meters.
9.1.2 The working environment conditions of the equipment shall meet the temperature and atmospheric conditions of the technical specifications of the complete machine.
9.1.3 There are no serious dust around, no medium with explosion hazard, no corrosive metal and harmful gas particles that damage insulation, no serious mold, no strong electromagnetic field interference.
9.1.4 The foundation of the installation shall be free of severe vibration and impact, and the vertical inclination shall not exceed 5 degrees.
9.1.5 If used indoors, select a location in the room that is conducive to ventilation and heat dissipation.
9.1.6 The alignment should be safe and convenient.
9.2 Pre-installation inspection The device is packaged according to the whole piece. Before the system is installed, it is necessary to first check the type and quantity of the ordered series according to the delivery list, and check whether there is any apparent damage caused by improper transport. There are no foreign objects inside.
9.3 Installation According to the actual situation of the user, choose a rack installation location, mainly consider the upper and lower cabling, in and out of the line direction and heat dissipation, before and after the passage should be not less than 1 meter, and to ensure that the cabinet horizontal inclination does not exceed 5 degrees . After installation, check whether the connectors and fasteners inside the machine are loose or fall off. After confirming normality, fix it with the bracket.
For the installation of outdoor devices, it is generally installed on the lower side of the distribution transformer. When the device housing has obvious damage or display failure, please contact the manufacturer immediately, and do not install or use it.
9.4 Wiring
9.4.1 Connect the three-phase voltage of the system to the three-phase input terminal of the main switch of the device.
9.4.2 Connect the voltage neutral to the neutral terminal in the unit.
9.4.3 Connect the ground to the screw marked with the ground symbol inside the enclosure.
9.4.4 Make sure that the grounding wire in the device is well grounded to ensure personal safety and lightning protection.
9.4.5 Use the phase sequence meter to check the power supply terminal to ensure that the three-phase input is in phase sequence.
9.5 Commissioning Refer to the electrical wiring diagram of the entire cabinet and the instructions in the manual of the JKWB balanced balanced intelligent terminal device for debugging.
9.6 Troubleshooting When the device is powered on, do not open the back cover to avoid personal injury.
After the device control device sends an alarm signal, it should immediately take measures to analyze the cause of the alarm. If the controller or other reasons should call the company's service department, the company will send the relevant personnel to the scene of the accident within 24 hours.

10. Ordering Information Please state the following when ordering:
10.1 Provide load capacity and load distribution.
10.2 box color, installation method.
10.3 Mode of transport and arrival station name.
10.4 Other special requirements.

11. Attention and Warranty
11.1 Precautions
The PBPH type distribution and balancing intelligent terminal device can be installed close to other power supply equipment, but the site must be kept away from heat sources, non-corrosive gases and metal dust particles. For personal safety and lightning protection needs, please note:
11.1.1 The device must be well grounded.
11.1.2 The load connected to the grid is inductive.
11.1.3 There are wirings on the front and back sides of the device. It should be noted that there is more than 1 meter of free space between the cabinet and the wall or other devices.
If you are using this device, there are special requirements for the device, which must be specified in the order. The regular product should be provided with optional components and functions.

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