As people pay more and more attention to the environmental impact of traditional lighting methods, the price of light-emitting diodes ( LEDs ) continues to decline, so for many off-line applications, high-power LEDs are rapidly becoming popular lighting solutions. Program. High-brightness LEDs save energy, have a long life and benefit the environment, and these features continue to drive the development of a wide variety of solid-state lighting (SSL) applications. According to market research firm Strategies Unlimited, by the end of 2010, the market for high-brightness LEDs has reached $8.2 billion, and is expected to grow to more than $20 billion by 2015. In the past few years, LEDs for backlighting of high definition television (HDTV) displays have been the main driver of the growth of the LED market . However, as LED lighting applications become more prevalent in commercial and residential environments, LED growth will accelerate significantly.
Compared with traditional lighting methods, the power consumption of LED lighting can be greatly reduced, which is the main reason behind the high growth rate of LED lighting. To provide the same light output (in lumens) compared to incandescent lighting, LEDs require less than 25% of the incandescent power. LED lighting has many other advantages, including a longer working life than incandescent lamps, which can significantly reduce replacement costs; it can also dim LEDs with previously installed triac TRIAC dimmers. The main cost advantage, especially in the residential lighting sector. LEDs can be turned on in real time, unlike the energy-saving fluorescent lamps (CFLs) that require warm-up time, and the LEDs are not sensitive to the power cycle, which is also different from CFL. In addition, LEDs do not contain any toxic materials that need to be managed or disposed of, and CFLs require toxic mercury vapors to work. Finally, LEDs can achieve new, very flat form factors that are not possible with other technologies.
LED lighting design requires very strict driving power plays an important role
The use of off-line power to drive LEDs allows LED applications to grow rapidly because this form of power is fairly easy to obtain in commercial and residential buildings. Although LED lamp replacement is relatively simple to implement for end users, the difficulty in designing LED driver integrated circuits (ICs) has increased dramatically. Since LEDs require a well-regulated constant current source to provide a constant amount of light output, the use of an alternating current (AC) input power supply to power the LED requires some special design methods and some very specific design requirements.
Depending on the differences in different parts of the world, off-line power supplies range from approximately 90 to 265 VAC (VAC) with a frequency range of 50 to 65 Hz. Therefore, to produce LED lamps for the global market, it is desirable to provide a single circuit design that can be applied anywhere in the world without modification. This requires a single LED driver IC to handle multiple input voltages and supply frequencies.
In addition, many off-line LED applications require electrical isolation from the driver circuit. This is mainly based on security considerations. Electrical isolation is typically provided by an isolated flyback LED driver architecture that utilizes a transformer to isolate the primary and secondary side portions of the driver circuit.
USB3.0 - also considered SuperSpeed USB - for those with PC or audio / high-frequency device to provide a variety of devices connected to a standard interface. From the keyboard to high-throughput disk drive, a variety of devices can use this low-cost interface for smooth operation of the plug and play connectivity, users basically do not spend too much thought in it. The new USB 3.0 to maintain compatibility with USB 2.0 also provides several enhancements to the following:
Greatly increased bandwidth - up to 5Gbps full duplex (USB2.0 was 480Mpbs duplex) to achieve better power management enables the host to provide more power for the device to achieve USB-rechargeable battery, LED lighting And mini-fan applications. Enable faster identification of the host device the new agreement makes data processing more efficient USB 3.0 storage device can be limited by the rate of transferring large amounts of stored files (such as HD movies).
For example, a use of USB 3.0 flash drive in the 3.3 seconds to transfer 1GB of data to a host, and USB 2.0 requires 33 seconds. Consumer electronics devices by increasing the resolution and storage performance requirements driven by the hope that through a broadband Internet connection to achieve wider media applications, so users need faster transmission performance, to simplify the downloading, storage, and a large number of multimedia Content sharing. USB 3.0 to provide consumers with easy connectivity it needs played a crucial role. When the device when used in consumer, USB 3.0 will address not recognize USB2.0 devices without battery problems. Host to reduce the current through the USB 3.0 slow to recognize these devices, such as mobile phone battery has gone bad.
For the purposes of systems and ASIC developers, USB 3.0 chips and IP to ensure a wide range of practical requirements of each design can be met in a timely manner. The full range of support for standards such as USB 3.0 is particularly important because the speed, advanced protocol and a variety of cable length (from a few inches to several meters) makes the design and standards compliance as a challenge.
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