Materials determine the performance of lithium battery domestic enterprises pay close attention to the layout

With the promotion of electric vehicles, as its core technology, the research and industrialization of extremely electrode materials for lithium ion batteries are increasingly becoming the focus of attention in the industry. The development and industrialization of new battery materials is to enhance the performance of lithium-ion battery and expand its application. Field protection. Therefore, many domestic companies and universities have been involved in the development and production of power lithium-ion battery materials.

Battery Performance Materials The key to the development of power lithium-ion batteries is the search for high energy density, high safety, environmental protection, and affordable battery materials.

Huang Xuejie, a researcher at the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said in an interview with a reporter from China Electronics News that materials accounted for more than 70% of the cost of lithium-ion batteries, and the performance of lithium-ion batteries is the final say for materials. Therefore, the search for high energy density, high safety, environmental protection, and cheap battery materials is the key to the development of power lithium-ion batteries.

Tao Zhiyong, research and development manager of Shenzhen Haiying Technology Co., Ltd., said that lithium-ion battery materials are currently in good development in China, and the industrialization of electrode materials is very high. However, efforts are still needed in separators and aluminum-plastic films, especially aluminum-plastic films. Currently, it is heavily dependent on imports. He analyzed that lithium manganate and lithium iron phosphate are the main cathode materials for power battery applications. Costs, performance, and applications all have similarities and differences. Lithium manganate has a low cost, mature manufacturing process, and good safety. A large number of applications in electric bicycles and other types of small capacity battery packs; in addition to the safety of lithium iron phosphate materials, the cycle and high temperature characteristics are far superior to lithium manganate, the disadvantage is poor low temperature performance and low standard voltage, so at present Cross-use of two materials is more common. However, due to the outstanding safety performance of lithium iron phosphate, in the long run, it has advantages in terms of high voltage and high capacity, such as electric vehicle battery packs. At present, because the manufacturing process is not yet mature and the progress of marketization is slow, the cost of lithium iron phosphate is higher than that of lithium manganate. It is still too early to say that domestic batch stability is still present.

Wei Xuezhe, an associate professor at the School of Automotive Engineering at Tongji University, told reporters that although lithium iron phosphate lithium-ion batteries are currently the most promising, but the specific energy of lithium iron phosphate batteries is low, and low-temperature properties are not good enough, and lithium manganese oxide and ternary materials lithium-ion battery technology also In the competitive development process, the final market performance of various technical approaches remains to be seen.

Wang Jinliang, deputy director of the China Battery Industry Association and director of the technical committee, gave a report to the “China Electronics News” reporter on the current development of domestic battery materials. He said that the currently used battery cathode materials are mainly lithium iron phosphate and manganese acid. Lithium, the two materials have their own advantages and disadvantages, will coexist for a period of time, therefore, domestic companies in the development of lithium manganate but also the development of lithium iron phosphate; in the negative material, should pay attention to the development of new materials, such as titanium Lithium acid closely follows the development trend of advanced technologies in the world; in terms of electrolytes, localization of key materials should be increased, such as lithium hexafluorophosphate, which currently mainly depends on imports from abroad. Domestic enterprises should speed up industrialization progress in this area. In addition, Emphasis on the development of additives in the electrolyte; In the battery separator, the current single-layer film can be made locally, high-end diaphragm, composite film also imported from abroad, domestic enterprises should pay attention to the research and development of composite film.

As for the future battery technology, Wei Xuezhe said that there are many directions that can be seen, such as high-performance layered materials, high-performance layered and manganese-based spinel structural composites and phosphate-based materials, with multi-electron reaction vanadium, Silicates, and cathode materials such as high-potential oxides and novel organic compounds; high-capacity tin-based, silicon-based alloy-based anode materials; novel electrochemical systems with wide electrochemical windows, high conductance, high safety, and novel separators Research and so on, but most of them are still in the laboratory research stage.

The gap is widening and the situation is urgent If the company does not have the core technology and strength, the future will be very sad.

During the interview, the reporter learned that currently the domestic dynamic ionized ion battery material industry has inevitably appeared in a situation where everything has gone upside down, and the most worrying factor is that China's high-end battery material research and development and the international advanced level The distance is getting bigger, especially in the new material system of independent intellectual property rights, industry experts said that if domestic battery materials companies only compete at a low level, disorderly, the development of lithium-ion battery industry is worrying.

Huang Xuejie told reporters that at present, the concept of new energy vehicles has been hotter in the country, and the state has introduced some subsidy policies. In the new energy vehicle project, the state's subsidies have been given to electric vehicles, and the battery companies are fundamental. Can not get much of the actual subsidies, not to mention its upstream material companies. He said that at present, there are more than 300 companies that are known as lithium-ion batteries in China, and more than 100 companies are making lithium iron phosphate materials. This has led to the destruction of the ecological environment of the domestic lithium-ion battery industry. The result of this is that low-level redundant construction will compete for prices. As a result, more than 100 battery companies that make lithium iron phosphate in the mainland still do not have Taiwan's three power lithium-ion battery companies. "If the company does not have the core technology and strength, the future will be very sad." Huang Xuejie said.

Wang Jinliang also agrees with the above viewpoint. He believes that domestic battery material companies must enhance their technological innovation capabilities. Do not think that a certain project is good and that it will lead to a good company, and that once and for all, good companies will be impacted. He suggested that the state should focus on supporting enterprises with the ability and conditions to carry out industrialization development, strengthen the link between material companies and battery companies, and close cooperation between industry, universities and research institutes.

Wu Yuping, professor of chemistry at Fudan University, said in an interview with a reporter from China Electronics News that the key to the development of the power lithium-ion battery industry lies in materials, so domestic material companies must improve quality, otherwise electric vehicles cannot be opened. "This, of course, requires the country's strong support, such as the rational allocation of resources, so that companies and universities with follow-up technological development and market expansion capabilities get related projects." Wu Yuping said.

Industry insiders also stated that domestic companies should strengthen the cooperation of scientific researchers from multiple disciplines, including physics, chemistry, and materials sciences, through multi-directional input from the government and its enterprises, and further explore the development of new materials. Further improve the material's energy density, high rate performance, high and low temperature performance, uniformity and safety, to meet the needs of electric vehicles. In addition, we must also strive to reduce costs through technological transformation and market expansion. Yang Rukun, president of Shenzhen Jiyang Automation Technology Co., Ltd., said that it is necessary to intensify the research on the mechanism of lithium-ion power batteries. This does not mean pure electrochemical characteristics. Lithium-ion power batteries must be solved in a comprehensive and large-scale application. Some basic problems must be solved. These include precise mathematical analysis of the effects of material properties on battery characteristics, research on growth control mechanisms of SEI films, thermal design of batteries, and electromagnetic fields of batteries. Design and battery manufacturability design.

Chen Jitao, Associate Professor, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Material companies have important responsibilities for reducing costs. Lithium iron phosphate and lithium manganate each have advantages and disadvantages, and they have different potentials for application in different fields.

· The process of localization of materials in China is a long process of recognition and technological improvement.

China has made rapid progress in the development and production of key materials for lithium-ion batteries. In terms of traditional anode and cathode materials, domestic lithium cobalt oxide and graphite anode materials have become the main choice for domestic battery manufacturers, occupying most of the market share, and have already To achieve exports. The new three-element cathode material and spinel lithium manganese oxide have also been mass-produced and applied, but there is still a slight gap between high-end performance and Japanese materials, and further technical breakthroughs are needed. In terms of lithium iron phosphate cathode materials, China's R&D and industrialization technologies are basically in sync with the international market, but investment enthusiasm is high. Related companies have been established like bamboo shoots, but the technical level and product performance are uneven, and truly high-quality iron phosphate is realized. Only a few manufacturers produce and supply lithium in batches. Lithium iron phosphate and lithium manganate each have advantages and disadvantages, and have different potentials for application in different fields. In comparison, lithium manganate has certain advantages in terms of energy density and temperature characteristics, but it has better cycle performance and safety performance. Lithium iron phosphate is a little inferior, so spinel lithium manganese oxide has certain advantages in small and medium-capacity batteries that require high energy density and temperature characteristics. Lithium iron phosphate has obvious advantages in large-capacity long-life power batteries.